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| mental health |
Definition of mental health:
A state of
balance between the individual and the surrounding world, a state of harmony
between oneself and others, a coexistence between the realities of the self and
that of others people and that of environment.
Criteria (signs) of mentally
healthy persons
1. Self satisfied:
(i) He
feels comfortable about himself.
(ii)
He feels reasonably secure.
2.
Self respected.
(i)
He knows his ability.
(ii)
He is ready to accept his shortcomings.
3. Self confident:
(i)
He should not overestimate or
underestimate himself.
(ii)
He should grow interest to himself and
his surroundings.
(iii)
He should able to take decision and can
stay on it.
4. Self controlled:
(i)
He holds his own emotions (fear, anger,
joy, guilt and love etc.)
(ii)
He should be able to tolerate criticism
by others.
5. Self conscious:
(i)
He is conscious about the environment
and can adjust with it.
(ii)
He feels himself as a part of the
society and takes interest of other as well as takes hardship responsibilities
for them.
6. Self adjusted:
(ii) He is friendly with everybody.
(iii) He trusts others.
7. He is not nervous of unknown future.
Types of ill mental conditions:
1. Psychiatric conditions
Broadly mental disease (psychiatric conditions) may
be divided into 2 groups.
i. Major disorders:
a) Schizophrenia
b) Manic
depressive psychosis
c) Paronia
ii. Minor disorders:
(a) Neurosis or
psychoneurosis
(b) Personality and character disorders.
2. Pre – psychiatric conditions
(i) Inability to take decision
(ii)
Inability to take responsibility
(iii)
Inability to make and keep friends
(iv)
Inability to expose fear
n Additional
pre – psychiatric conditions :
i.
Always worried
ii.
Unable to concentrate
iii. Continuously unhappy without any
justified cause
iv. Lose temper easily
v. Regular insomnia
vi. Wide fluctuation of mood from
depreciation to elevation.
Difference between major and minor
illness:
|
|
Major
|
Minor
|
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1.
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The
patients are insane.
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The
patients are insane.
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|
2.
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They
are detached from Reality.
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They
are not detached from reality.
|
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3.
|
They
are detached from Reality.
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They
should be allowed to peruse a normal life.
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Epidemiology
of mental diseases:
- A. Age and sex distribution
- B. Marital status
- C. Socio – economic condition
- D. Occupation
- E. Contributory factors
A.
Age and sex distribution
Age: In Bangladesh mental disease is common
in 20 – 40 years due to strain of puberty, adolescence, marriage and wage
earning.
Sex: Common
mental diseases are prevalent in females; unusual diseases are common in males.
- Marital
State: Married persons, widows and
divorces have more problems.
- Socio
– economic factors: Mental diseases are highest in
low income group, moderate in middle class and low in high income group.
- Occupation:
Neurosis is more common in educationists,
doctors, administrators and executives than in laborers. Psychosis is more
common among laborers.
Preventive mental health:
A. Levels
of preventive psychiatry
i.
Primary
ii.
Secondary
iii.
Tertiary
B.
Procedures of achieving objects of
preventive psychiatry
1. We
can effect primary prevention by –
a. Improving
the living condition and social and social environment.
b. Tackling
emotional problems due to maladjustments.
c. Promoting
physical wellbeing.
2. We
can effect secondary prevention by –
Early diagnosis of mental illness and of social and
emotional disturbances this can be achieved through-
(a) Screening
programmers in
(i)
Educational institutes
(ii)
Industry and
(iii) Defined community
The following are
entrusted in diagnosis:
-- Parents
-- Moulabi saheb
-- Law enforcing officer e.g. police
officer
-- Lawyer
-- Labour leader
(b) Family counseling,
offered by family based health services.
(c) Treatment
intervention by specialists.
3. We can effect tertiary prevention by –
(a) After
care supervision and help for livelihood of the discharges parson.
(b)
Prevention of reappearance of illness by coping with stress.
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